語法:就遠原則講解
【就遠原則】
謂語動詞與前麵主語一致
代表詞彙:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from
采用“就近原則”的兩個典型用法
即謂語動詞的單、複數形式取決於最靠近它的詞語。
1. 連詞or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等連接的並列主語,謂語動詞的數與靠近它的主語一致。如:
Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母親不想去而不是他不想去。
Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是剛來這裏。
Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同學都不知道這個密秘?
2. 當there be後有兩個或幾個並列的主語時,be的數由與其靠得最近的那個主語一致。如:There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盤子裏有一個蘋果,兩個梨子和一些桔子。
There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盤子裏有兩個梨子,一些桔子和一個蘋果。
五、由 or,not only … but also …, either … or …, neither … nor …,not … but …等連接兩個名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數形式要根據就近原則來確定。
如:
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
六、“名詞 + 介詞 / 介詞短語( with,together with,along with,as well as 等) + 名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數由介詞前的名詞的單複數形式決定。
如:
Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .
You as well as your brother have been accepted .
七、主語從句、不定式或動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。
如:
What we can’t get seems better than what we have .
Taking more exercise is good for your health .
八、定語從句中,當先行詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語與先行詞的人稱和數保持一致;但“ one of + 名詞複數”作先行詞時,如在 one 前有 the,the very,the only 等詞修飾時,從句謂語動詞要用單數形式,若沒有,則用複數形式。
如:
He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .
He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .
九、there be 句型中,be 的單複數形式由其後的名詞決定,如果有兩個或兩個以上的名詞,則按就近原則決定。
如:
There is only a desk in the room .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .
There are two chairs and a desk in the room .
十、“ the + 形容詞”作主語表示一類人時,謂語動詞一般用複數形式。
如:The rich don’t understand the life of the poor .
語法:就近原則講解
【就近原則】
也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”(Proximity),即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時不一定是主語)在“人稱、數”上一致。
I.在正式文體中:
1.由下列詞語連接的並列主語:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒錯。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責備。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯了,他也錯了。
2. 在倒裝句中:謂語可與後麵第一個主語一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。
II. 非正式文體中:
有時依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當時都不在那兒。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(譯文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時,則常常認為是不太合符規範的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語法上,“No one ”才是主語,謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。
造四個就近原則的句子
就近原則也稱"鄰近原則""就近一致原則",即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時不一定是主語)在"人稱、數"上一致。
與其相對的還有"就遠原則"。
1. There is an apple and some oranges .2. Either You or I am going there Tomorrow.3. Nither my father nor my mother is at home today.4. There are some books and a pen on the table.5. She likes neither butter nor cheese.6. Neither dad nor mum is at home today.7. He is neither tall nor short. He is medium height.8. She is either drunk or mad.9. Many other experts insist this is not an either or situation .10. When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.11. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 12. Either the teacher or the students are our friends.13. His brothers or Tom is waiting in the room.14. Neither they nor he is wholly right.15. There is a pear and two apples in the bag.
就近原則的句型
名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題: 1、 1)主語和謂語基本保持單複數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯力的水很冷) 2)集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時, ①如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是個好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用複數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. (三班有張中國地圖) 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用複數。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子裏有隻綿羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子裏有一些綿羊) 4)maths,news等雖然有s結尾,但不是複數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮) 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用複數形式,故謂語用複數。
如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲...名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題: 1、 1)主語和謂語基本保持單複數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯力的水很冷) 2)集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時, ①如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是個好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用複數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. (三班有張中國地圖) 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用複數。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子裏有隻綿羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子裏有一些綿羊) 4)maths,news等雖然有s結尾,但不是複數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮) 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名詞往往用複數形式,故謂語用複數。
如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買) 6)a lot of 後跟名詞複數時謂語用複數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。
如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球)A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句) 7)and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用複數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。
如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)8) there be 句型中be的單複數一般由靠近的名詞決定。
如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間裏有一張桌子和四張椅子) 9)用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用複數。
如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來) 10)主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單複數由with之前的人物決定。
如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊) 11)either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。
如:Either you or he is right.(要麼是你對,要麼是他對。
/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那裏) 12)表示一段時間或長度概念的複數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。
如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離) 13)主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單複數由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被汙染了)(被動句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What's the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用複數)就近一致原則 是指謂語動詞的數要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數保持一致。
1. “more than one + 單數名詞” 雖有複數意義,但習慣上用單數動詞. More than one person is involved in this. 2. 用於正式文體的“many a + 單數名詞” 也用單數動詞. Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs. 3.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...等連接的並列主語,謂語動詞...
初中所有需用就近原則的句型
所謂就近原則是指謂語動詞單複數取決於離它最近的詞語,而無須考慮其他的詞。
1) 以either…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also連接的兩個主語,其謂語的單複數形式應與離謂語最近的主語保持一致。
如:Either you or he has to go there with me. 2) 由there或here引起的主語,而又不止是一個時,采取就近原則。
如:Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.1)當there be 句型的主語是一係列事物時,謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)當either… or… 與neither… nor, 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引導,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
英語中謂語動詞用就近一致原則是什麼意思?
“就近一致原則”就是英語中的“就近原則”常與there be句型中運用,用法是與there be距離最近的主語保持一致,如:1.There is an apple and some bananas.這裏有一個蘋果和一些香蕉。
“apple”離be動詞最近,且是單數,所以be動詞用單數形式is.2.There are some bananas and an apple.這裏有一些香蕉和體格蘋果。
“bananas"離be動詞最近,且是複數,所以be動詞用複數形式are.
英語中就遠原則和就近原則
就遠原則①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒錯。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責備。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯了,他也錯了。
就近原則,就是謂語動詞的形式要和最近的主語一致沒有就遠原則,其實你的意思也就是謂語動詞的變化吧如果是I and he are going to the park謂語is要變成are,因為主語是我和他如果是I with him 就要用am了,主語是I還原句子:I am going to the park with himunderstand?祝你學習進步! 就近原則:也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”(Proximity),即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時不一定是主語)在“人稱、數”上一致。
I.在正式文體中: 1.由下列詞語連接的並列主語:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒錯。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責備。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯了,他也錯了。
2. 在倒裝句中:謂語可與後麵第一個主語一致。
e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。
II. 非正式文體中: 有時依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。
e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當時都不在那兒。
(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(譯文同上句)(正式) 但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時,則常常認為是不太合符規範的。
e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。
(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語法上,“No one ”才是主語,謂語要改成“agrees”。
“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。
就遠原則謂語動詞與前麵主語一致代表詞彙:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart frome.g:He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
there be句型的就近原則?
There be句型的就近原則也是主謂一致語法項目的重點考點。
There be句型中be動詞的單複數形式由後麵挨近的一項的單複數決定。
如:There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.在本句中盡管有鋼筆、書和鉛筆,但是由於離be動詞最近的一項是單數a pen,因此,be動詞用單數is。
又如:有一本書和三隻貓。
there is a book and three cats. 反過來,有三隻貓和一本書。
there are three cats and a book.
主謂一致中“語法一致原則” “意義一致原則”嘛意思
主謂一致要點歸納 英語中,句子的謂語動詞要與句子的主語在人稱和數上保持一致,即主謂一致。
一般來說,主謂一致要遵循三個原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近原則。
語法一致原則就是指謂語動詞的單複數形式由主語的單複數形式決定;意義一致原則是指謂語動詞的單複數形式由主語的意義而不是形式決定,即使主語的形式是複數但意義上是單數的話,謂語動詞也要用單數形式;就近原則是指謂語動詞的形式由靠近它的名詞的數決定。
一、以 s 結尾的名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1. 如果以 s 結尾的名詞表示的是學科或國家時,句子的謂語動詞要用單數形式。
如: Physics is such a difficult subject that I can't understand it . The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries . 2. 有些以 s 結尾的名詞表示兩個對稱部分組成的事物,如 trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors 等,它們單獨作主語時謂語動詞要用複數,但如果前麵有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修飾時,則謂語動詞要用單數形式。
如: My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother . This kind of shoes is very popular this summer . 3. 有些以 s 結尾的名詞如 goods (貨物),arms (武器),clothes (衣服),thanks (感謝)等隻作複數用,作主語時謂語動詞要用複數形式。
如: All the goods were shipped from America . All the arms you want have been prepared . 4. 一些單複數形式相同的以 s 結尾的名詞如 means (方法),works (工廠),headquarters (總部)等作主語時,如果強調單數意義,則謂語動詞用單數形式;如果強調複數意義,則謂語用複數形式。
如: All the means have been tried to save the patient . The quickest means of travel is by plane . 二、集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1. 隻能作不可數名詞的集體名詞如 furniture (家具),machinery (機器),equipment (設備)等作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。
如: The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory . All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . 2. 隻能用作複數的集體名詞如 people,police,cattle (牲畜)等作主語時,謂語動詞要用複數形式。
如: The working people are brave and great . The police were searching the area for two thieves . 3. 還有一些既可以用作複數又可以用作單數的集體名詞,如 team,class,family,club,government,public 等作主語時,如果強調整體,則謂語動詞用單數形式;如果強調個體成員,則謂語動詞要用複數形式。
如: My family is a happy one . All my family are fond of taking exercise . 三、由 and 連接的兩個名詞作主語時的主謂一致 1. and 連接的兩個名詞若表示不同的概念,則謂語動詞用複數形式,若表示同一事物或一個整體,則謂語動詞用單數形式。
如: The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school . The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school . War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world . 2. 如果 and 連接的兩個名詞前有 each,every,no 等詞修飾時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。
如: Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question . No parent and child was late for the sports meeting . 四、數量詞作主語時的主謂一致 1. 表示具體數量的名詞詞組作主語強調整體時,謂語動詞用單數形式,如果強調個體則謂語動詞用複數形式。
如: Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book . There are twenty dollars on the desk . 2. “分數 / 百分數 +of + 名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數形式由名詞的單複數形式決定。
如: Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities . Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river . 3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數由名詞的單複數形式決定,但“ none of+ 名詞複數”作主語時,謂語動詞可以用單數形式也可以用複數形式。
如: All the leaders were present at the meeting . None of your answers is / are right . 4. “ many a / more than one + 單數名詞”作主語時謂語動詞用單數形式。
如: Many a student has passed this difficult exam . 5. “ a number of + 名詞複數”作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式,而“ the number of + 名詞”作主語時謂語用單數。
如: A number of boy students are football fans . The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years . 6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數形式,但“複數名詞 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主語時謂語動詞要用複數形式。
如: This kind of men is dangerous . Men of this kind are dangerous .
請問be動詞的具體用法,比如就近一致原則,A AND B + be, A or B + ...
be作助動詞用的形式如下:①am, is, are, was, were②助動詞+be:shall be, will be, can be, etc.③have/has/had + been(完成時)④am, is, …being(進行時) (1)表達進行時態句型 be + V-ing…(進行時態)例:What are you reading?(你正在閱讀什麼?)I am reading a magazine.(我正在閱讀雜誌。
)例:He will be taking a walk in the park at this time tomorrow morning.(明天早晨此時他將會正在公園散步。
)例:She has been teaching English in our school for years.(她已在我們學校教英語許多年了。
)解說 第一例句是表達現在進行時,第二例句是將來進行時,第三例句是現在完成進行時。
(2)表達被動語態句型 be +p.p. …(被動語態)例:English is spoken in both Canada and the United States.(加拿大和美國都講英語。
)例:Those keys were found in your drawer.(那些鑰匙是在你的抽屜裏找到的。
)例:It can be done much faster in this way.(這件工作用這個方法可以更加快速地做好。
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