徐偉
1、主語
主語(subject) 是一個句子的主題( theme),是句子所述說的主體.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主語的有單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。
A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.
月餅是一種美味的圓餅
2、謂語
謂語(predicate) 或謂語動詞(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主語之後.謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語（助動詞或情態動詞＋主要動詞）構成。
It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
它被全世界旅行者和商業人員使用。
3、表語
表語是用來說明主語的性質，身份，特征和狀態。表語須和連係動詞一起構成句子的複合謂語。表語一般放在係動詞之後。表語可以由名詞，形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔任。
My work is teaching English,
我的工作是教英語。
4、賓語
賓語是謂語動作所涉及的對象，它是動作的承受者，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔任，賓語一般放在謂語動詞後麵。
We think you are right.
我們認為你是對的。
5、定語
用於描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質，特征範圍等情況的詞叫做定語，定語可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞，短語擔任。如果定語是單個詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前麵，如果是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的後麵。
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
那個工廠生產的電視機很好。
求英語句子成分基本的概況 （內有要求）
這個沒有固定的順序，不過如果是正常語序，你的排序基本正確，
比如，一個形容詞放在名詞前麵就是定義，放在後麵就是補語，主要是根據詞語之間的關係判定，
先找 主謂賓，然後找其他詞與其關係，修飾主賓的就是定語，修飾謂語的就是補語，補充說明時間地點的就是狀語
英語句子成分
先了解基本句子成分，再注意那些形式可以充當這些句子成分。然後就是練習劃分句子成分。
英語句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的語法規律組成的，表達一個完整的意義。一個句子一般由兩部分構成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語，定語，狀語，表語等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。
英語句子成分
通常情況下,主語和賓語前的成分是定語，謂語前的成分是狀語，時間詞作狀語放在句子後麵。句子的成分分布如下：
（定語） 主語 （狀語） 謂語 （定語） 賓語 （狀語）
如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday..
英語句子(sentence)=主語+謂語（核心：主動詞）
英語句子成分歌：
英語句子八大塊， 主謂賓表真實在；
補語跟著賓語表語跑， 定語同位（語）專把名詞踹。
狀語的位置自由自在， 忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。
I．八大成分的概念和構成
一、主語：是一句的主體，是全句述說的對象，一般放於句首。
充當主語的形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語4）名詞從句5）數詞6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介詞短語（少見）
形式主語（名詞從句，不定式，動名詞）（見第六講主語和賓語）
1）If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.
不經曆風雨，怎麼見彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘訣在於從磨練開始，並要堅持不斷磨練。
二、謂語：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的後麵
謂語形式：動詞（英語句子的靈魂）
I have a dream.
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.
所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。
三、賓語：行為或活動的對象，接受者或受影響者。放在及物動詞或者介詞之後
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.
你找不到機會。你得去創造機會。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常開著電視，你就可能聽不到機會的敲門聲。
充當賓語形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語4）名詞從句5）數詞6）不定式7）-ing形式
形式賓語（名詞從句，不定式，動名詞）（見第六講主語和賓語）
四、表語：用來說明主語的性質或狀態。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔任說明主語的身份和情況。(跟在係動詞後)
構成形式：1）名詞2）形容詞3）代詞4）數詞5）不定式6）ing形式7）過去分詞8）副詞9）介詞短語10）小品詞11）名詞從句
Time is money.
Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
你想做什麼事，三點鍾總是太早或太遲。
五、．補語：補充說明。（由動詞類別來決定）
構成形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）形容詞4）數詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）過去分詞8）介詞短語9）副詞小品詞10）名詞從句
主語補語
Tom was made monitor.
賓語補語
I made Tom monitor.
表語補語
I am sure to succeed.
六、定語：是用來說明或者限製名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當於形容詞的短語或從句擔任。形容詞放在名詞之前，相當於形容詞的短語或從句放在名詞的後麵
7. This is beautiful music.
There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
自古音樂分兩種，好的和壞的。
構成形式：1）限定詞2）形容詞3）名詞4）數詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）過去分詞8）介詞短語9）副詞10）關係從句
七、.同位語：對被修飾對象進行補充說明或進一步解釋。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
構成形式：1）名詞2）代詞3）名詞短語4）數詞5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名詞從句
八、狀語：狀語是用來說明動詞，形容詞，副詞或整個句子的成分。常由副詞擔任。修飾動詞時可以放在動詞之前，也可以放在動詞之後；修飾形容詞或副詞時放在它們之前，修飾詞，短語，從句和整句。位置：自由自在。
1）修飾性狀語：修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞等（時間，地點，肯定，否定，程度，頻度，方式，伴隨，原因，目的，比較等）。
Can you feel the love tonight?
Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
隻有出走又回家時，家才最感親切。
2）連接性狀語：連接上下文（順序，遞進，轉折，讓步，結果，推論，比較）。
First comes spring, then summer.
I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
3)評述性狀語：修飾整個句子，表示說話人的看法或態度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
II．成分關係
1．補語跟著賓語表語跑：
補語跟在賓語和表語的後麵構成賓補和表補。把有賓補的句子變成被動語態，則賓補就變成了主補。
To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（賓補）
We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主補）
愛他人使我們幸福，在自己使我們孤單。
2．定語，同位（語）專把名詞踹：
定語，同位語修飾名詞性形式
Experience is the best teacher.（被定語所修飾的形式為名詞）
They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位語所修飾的形式為名詞）
3．謂語動詞由狀語修飾
When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.
你想摘下天上的星星，可能一個也摘不下；但也不會一無所獲。
1、主語：
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是“誰”發出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)
(3)口語中常見主語或“主--係”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)沒有關係。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒？) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裏嗎？)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、複數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見“主語從句”。
2、謂語：
(1)由“不及物動詞”、“及物動詞+賓語”或“係動詞+表語”等構成,說明主語所表示的人物“幹什麼”或“怎麼樣”。如：
He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單複數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成：［情態動詞］+［時態助動詞］+［語態助動詞］+［主要動詞］(不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表) 記住：謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是隻能這樣。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止
禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用“行為動詞1 + 原形動詞”、“be + 原形動詞”。
記住使用下列正確形式：
①情態動詞+原形動詞。如：You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好複習這一課。）
②shall/ will/ would+原形動詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應該去過那兒。）
③be+現在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什麼？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。）
④have+過去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎？）
⑥行為動詞1+行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：聖誕快樂！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。）
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連係動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單複數形式：單數形式的動詞有：is,was,has,does以及“動詞+s”；複數形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、複數。
記住：主語、謂語單複數必須保持一致。（參見“4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用“是”動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎？----是的。)
3、賓語：
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是“誰”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫麵前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。)(不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。)(從句作賓語)
(2) 隻有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後麵加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎？)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後麵,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見了什麼？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什麼寫的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信？)
(4)“動詞+副詞+賓語”結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動”“副”之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後麵跟雙賓語時可以采用兩種結構：
①動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“動詞+賓語+賓補”結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後麵去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見“賓語從句”。
4、表語：
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(誰呀？)
(2) 表語隻能放在連係動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
(4) 隻能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我隻是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非隻有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見“表語從句”。
5、定語：
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜裏。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前麵,而且有一定的次序：
限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍和材料，作用類別靠後靠。
冠詞/物代年齡/形狀/大小/溫度色彩來源質地/材料目的/用途
被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後麵。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時隻能放在名詞的後麵：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子裏的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾複合不定代詞時,往往後置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意：由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。
6、狀語：
(1) 說明動作“何時”、“何地”、“如何”發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college education was something new.（對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活;介詞短語作狀語,位置基本固定；不定式作狀語,一般表示目的、結果；從句作狀語.
(3) 多個狀語相連時,一般先單詞、後短語,先地點、後時間,先小概念、後大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點3刻從房間裏出來,然後消失在黑暗之中。) /
(4) 狀語還可以用從句來充當,有時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等。詳見“狀語從句”。
(5) 注意：由於狀語屬於修飾性的成分,常歸入謂語,因此不作為句子的主要成分。
7、賓語補足語：
(1) 補充說明賓語的動作、狀態的成分為賓語補足語,常由名詞、形容詞、動詞非謂語形式(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等)、介詞短語等充當。如：Call him Jim, please. (請叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開心。) / Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請他明天來。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him. (他讓小動物們給他帶食物來。)
(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語補足語。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說,讓他進來！)/ Please put it away. (請把它收起來。)
祝你開心如意！
英語句子成分劃分用什麼符號(如___,~~~,≡等)
沒有固定的模式，為了方便理解，可以和語文裏句子成分的劃分符號一樣。英語老師上課用的句子成分符號都不盡相同，如我就這樣來用：
劃分符號(沒有統一規定,僅供參考)
主語： 雙橫線 定語：( )
謂語： 單橫線 狀語：[ ]
賓語： 波浪線 賓補：〈 〉
表語： 雙波浪線
英語句子成分分析，每種還要舉至少5個例子，詳解各個單詞在該句中做什麼成分。
版本一
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位於句首。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位於謂語、助動詞或情態動詞後麵。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）
We often speak English in class.（代詞）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數詞）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）
The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為後麵的不定式）
（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之後。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、複合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由係動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.
（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位於係動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之後。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）
Is it yours?（代詞）
The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）
The speech is exciting.（分詞）
Three times seven is twenty one?（數詞）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）
The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）
Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）
（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位於及物動詞和介詞後麵。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數詞）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）
賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）複合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名詞）
They painted their boat white.（形容詞）
Let the fresh air in.（副詞）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）
We saw her entering the room.（現在分詞）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）
（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）
（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）
Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）
狀語種類如下：
How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結果狀語）
She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）
I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）
練習一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什麼句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、選擇填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
句子結構
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語 ＋ 不及物動詞 She came．/ My head aches.
主語 ＋ 及物動詞 ＋賓語 She likes English.
主語 ＋ 係動詞 ＋主語補語 She is happy．
主語 ＋ 雙賓動詞 ＋間接賓語 ＋直接賓語 She gave John a book She bought a book for me.
主語 ＋ 賓補動詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補語 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12. All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．
16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.
24. Go back where you came from.
25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.
27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
關於英語句子成分的問題（很基礎的）
額 樓主好 狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。 狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當於副詞的詞或短語來擔當。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
第一個就是介詞接賓語在句中的確是作目的狀語
後麵一個也是作伴隨狀語
學英語最基本要了解什麼句子成分，或者是什麼語，比如說主語賓語等等。
知道怎麼填說明你語感不錯，但是學英語最重要是背單詞，其他的一切包括語法都要往後排，所以我建議你首先把單詞背好。其次英語裏最基本的句子成分是主謂，這是能組成一個句子的最簡單成分，你可以從這個方向逐漸往外擴展，學習主謂賓，從句之類的語法，當然，如果你想要迅速提高英語成績，那就像我一開始說的那樣先去背單詞吧
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