知識建構：

簡單句：隻包含一個主語（或並列主語）和一個謂語（或並列謂語）的句子，稱作簡單句。

簡單句的基本句型：簡單句有以下5種基本句型。

1． 主語+ 不及物動詞

例：It is raining heavily.

My tooth aches.

2． 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語

例：They enjoy the play.

I met John in the street yesterday.

3． 主語 + 係動詞 + 表語

例：He is out.

Jenny is fine.

It looks like rain, soon.

4 主語 + 及物動詞 + 雙賓語

例：He bought her a watch.

The sun gives us light.

注意：雙賓語一個指人（即間接賓語），另一個指物（即直接賓語）。一般間接賓語位於直接賓語的前麵，有時它們也可交換位置，這是需要在間接賓語的前麵加上介詞to 或for 。

常見的雙賓語結構：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)

hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb)

lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)

return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)

show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )

write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )

do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )

make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)

sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )

5． 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 補足語

例：She found him a very clever student.

I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.

注意：當賓語意思表達不完整時，需要用不足與補充說明賓語的狀態、性質等。用作賓語補足語的通常有名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式等。當謂語動詞為see, hear , watch, feel 等感官動詞或者let, have , make 等使役動詞時，如果不定式作賓語補足語，必須省略to。

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　　主道+係動詞+表s+v+p eg. This is a book.
主+謂版 S+v eg. I run.
主+謂+賓 s+v+o eg. We study English.
主+謂+間接賓語權+直接賓語 s+v+Oi+Od eg. He passes me a pen.
主y語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 s+v+o+Oc eg. I ask him to open the door.

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　　英語中隻由一個主語（或並列主語）和一個謂語（或並列謂語）構成的句子叫簡單句。它的五種基本句型結構分別是： 一、主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（sv型） the rain stopped. they are talking. 二、主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語（svo型） children often sing this song. my mother is watching tv. 三、主語+連係動詞+表語（svp型） the book is new. betty looks very beautiful. 四、主語+謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語（svid型） i'll by him a new watch. she showed me all her pictures. 五、主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補足語（svoc型）如： we often heard them laugh. john told me to do that again