英語中為了避免重複,句子中的某些部分可以省略,常見的省略有下列14種情況:
1、並列複合句中某些相同成分的省略
He often regards English as easy and (he often regards)French as difficult.
他常把英語看作是容易學的,而法語是難學的
2、在用when,while,if,as if,though(although),as until,whether等連詞引導的狀語從句中,如果謂語有be,而主語又跟主句的主語相同或是it時,則從句的主語和be常可省略
When(water is)heated,water is turned into vapour.
水加熱時變成氣體
3、在than,as,no matter what(who等)分句後麵常可省略某些成分
They do not use more water than(it is)necessary.
他們使用的水沒有超出需要量
4、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,belive,say,decide等動詞後麵所接的賓語從句中,連接詞that常可省略
I think(that)it will clear up this afternoon.
我想今天下午天會轉晴
5、在限製性定語從句中,作賓語用的關係代詞whom,which,that常省略;在以the same...as和such...as引出的某些定語從句中,也可以省略與主句相同的成分
This is one of the best films(that)I‘ve ever seen.
這是我所看過的最好的電影
6、在以there is開頭的句子中,修飾主語的同位語從句的連接詞常省略,修飾主語的定語從句的關係代詞作主語,有時可以省略
There is a table(that)stands in the corner.
牆角處放著一張桌子
7、用so,not或其他手段來替代上文或問句中的一部分或整個句意
--Can he do this work?他能做這件工作嗎?
--I think so. 我想他行
8、在某些動詞後的賓語補語和主語補語中可將to be省略
These books are thought(to be)very valuable
人們認為這些書很有價值
9、在“the+比較級...the+比較級...”結構中,有時可省略be或there be
The higher the temperature(is),the greater the pressure(is)
溫度越高,壓力越大
10、某些動詞在接that從句時,不用與之搭配的介詞
We agreed that is was a mistake.
我們一致認為,這是一個錯誤
11、用to表示前述動詞不定式,其後麵有關成分省略
You may go home if you like(to)
你如果想回家就可回家
12、在某些虛擬語氣的句子中可以省略should
I suggest that he(should)study more English before going abroad.
我建議他出國前多學點英語
13、在用so+that連接的從句中,常省略so或that
We are very tired,(so)that we had better hurry home.
我們很累,所以我們還是趕快回家去吧
14、省略介詞in的幾個固定詞組
He spends his evenings(in)studying English
他把晚上的時間花在學英語上
英語中and 和 or 後麵的句子省略的是那一部分
在英語中省略的用法:可省略的成分省略大致可歸納為功能詞的省略和語法結構上的省略兩種。
在很多情況下,這兩種省略存在著交叉的關係,即有時既是功能詞的省略,同時又是語法結構上的省略。
A. 功能詞的省略功能詞指的是沒有完整意義,但有語法意義的詞,如冠詞、介詞、助動詞等。
英語句子結構的簡潔,首先表現在功能詞的省略上。
1.冠詞的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他們選約翰當班長。
A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 辦公室一男一女正在談話。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or (the) television. 他不明白為什麼從屋子裏一點響聲也沒傳出來,甚至連收音機和電視機的聲音也沒有。
提示: 在英語新聞標題、告示中,經常省略冠詞。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中國國家主席強調工人階級作用 (新聞標題 = The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class) People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退後人民重建家園(新聞標題 = The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood) DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽車在行駛時請勿和司機講話。
(告示 = Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion)2.代詞的省略 I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市場,買了點有用的東西,一小時之內就回來了。
They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他們並不喜歡它,可是什麼話也沒說。
(It) Doesn't matter. 這不礙事。
(You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得開心,是吧? I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜歡你的兩隻小瓶子,但我不喜歡最小的那一隻。
3.連詞的省略 We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能來,我們很高興。
I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你們會成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving. 他要走,真遺憾。
4.關係詞的省略 I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。
It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他進來的。
It happened on the day (when) we first met. 這發生在我們初次見麵的那一天。
There is a man (who) wants to see you. 有個人想要見你。
5.助動詞的省略 (Does) Anyone want a drink 有誰要喝一杯嗎? Who (do) you think you are 你以為你是誰?(在特殊疑問句中,當主語是第二人稱時,助動詞do可省略) I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。
6.不定式符號的省略 I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。
(當幾個不定式並列時,一般隻需在第一個不定式前用to) What we could do was (to) get away. (主語從句中含有do,那麼作表語的動詞不定式往往省略to)7.介詞的省略 He went (in) that way. 他往那邊去了。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 這兩個男孩年齡一樣大。
I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意這對不對。
You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4點到5點之間隨時都可以來見我。
She must have stayed here (for) a long time. 她在這裏一定呆了很久了。
8.引導詞there的省略 (There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壺裏應該有些咖啡的。
(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。
B. 句子成分的省略為了避免重複,或者為了使某一內容顯要注目,可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。
1.省略主語 Hope so. 希望如此。
(= I hope so.) Beg your pardon. 請你原諒。
(= I beg your pardon.) Take care! 當心!(= You take care.) Looks as if it will rain. 看起來像要下雨。
(= It looks as if it will rain.) Serves you right. 你活該!(= It serves you right.) 注意: 祈使句主語通常省略(如Take care! 當心!)。
但有時為了明確對方,可加上主語。
You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鳥,好嗎? Somebody answer the phone, please. 請來個人接一下電話。
2.省略謂語 Anything the matter?要緊嗎?(= Is anything the matter) Who next 該誰了?(= Who comes next) Just a moment, please. 請等一會兒。
(= Just wait a moment, please.) The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深,冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.) We'll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。
(= We'll do the best we can do.) What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我們得不到的似乎要比我們已經得到的要好。
(= What we can't get seems better than what we have got.)3.省略表語 Are you ready Yes, I am. 你準備好了嗎? 我準備好了。
(am後麵省略了表語ready) He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他還是像年輕時那樣,是一位運動愛好者。
(was後麵省略了表語a lover of sports) China has been, and still is, the most populous country in the world. 中國過去是,而且現在還是世界上人口最多的國家。
(= China has been the most populous country in the world and still is the most populous country in the worl...
英語小白,請大神指點下這個句子But後麵省略的主語,是什麼?
英語省略句的用法省略句是英語的一種習慣用法.按照語法的分析,句子應該具備的成分,有時出於修辭上的需要,在句中並不出現,這種句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,這種語法現象稱為“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out.其特點是:雖然省去句子語法構造所需要的組成部分,但仍能表達其完整的意義. 省略形式多樣,從單詞、短語到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的銜接關係,不容臆斷.“省略”不但是一種“以無為有”的最簡便的表達方法,而且也是一種簡便至極,“雖無勝有”的修辭手段. 如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了,就可以產生誤解或歧義. 下麵從翻譯角度談談一些比較特殊的省略. 一、原文“空缺”,譯文“增補” 兩個主語不同的句子,謂語有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用連詞連接起來進行對比,則其相同部分在後麵分句中可以省略,這樣,後麵分句中就出現“空缺”現象.“空缺”處通常被省略的是動詞,或動詞及其賓語、補足語等.漢譯時不妨采用“補齊”的方法.例如: A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,顏色必須目視,滋味必須口嚐,氣味必須鼻吸.(後三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;數學使人精細;邏輯和修辭使人善辯.(原文後兩句省略make men) 二、英語狀語從句中的省略部分可不譯 than引出的比較從句中,套有when引導的時間從句或if引導的條件從句,而且該比較從句中的省略部分與整個句子的主要結構一致時則比較從句的省略部分可省略不譯.例如: My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身體比我上次給你去信時好些了(...than後麵省略了he was) 三、對英語中一些特殊省略結構譯法需靈活,指的是按正常語法規則分析,有的無法增補,有的要用不同的方式來增補,使之成為完全句.因此,漢譯英時,視上下文加以靈活處理. 1.“賓語+主語+謂語……and +謂語”結構 其中and連接的,是用作不同成分的同一個詞,這個詞既是第一分句的賓語,又是第二分句的主語.此結構的特點是,把賓語提到句首,使之兼任後一分句的主語,達到簡化句子結構的目的.漢譯時,可仍先譯賓語,不必改變原文的語序.例如: This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.這種物質稱為水,其重要性僅次於氧.(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.) 2.以“Hence +名詞”開頭的結構 hence是表示結果意義的連接副詞,hence前麵的句子表示原因,hence後麵則省略了類似 come的動詞.它是倒裝句.例如: Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有這本實驗說明書. 3.某些常用詞組引導的省略疑問句,通常不需要寫出其省略部分.例如: How(is it)about the result?結果怎麼樣呢? 4.由習語組成的省略結構 So much is for the foundry processes.工藝過程的內容就是這些.(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...) Now for the sound-wave method.現在談談風波方法.(=And we will now talk about...) The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要馬上上油.(and that是個加強語氣的省略結構.that是指示代詞,代替上文的全部,與and連用表示強調,後接狀語.=andmustbeoiledat可譯為“而且”.) 四、介詞(短語)的“無勝於有” 英語介詞(短語)應用之頻繁,簡直到了“不可稍離”的地步.它是功能詞中最積極、最活躍之一.但有時,為了用詞簡潔精練,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介詞常常省略.譯文中也要采取相應的簡潔表達手法. 1.動名詞-ing前,有時省略介詞. Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多數人想把剪刀磨快,結果卻磨壞了. 2.在含有way,height,length,size,shape, ckness等慣用語前,有時省略介詞. Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.寫信請勿超過五百字. 3.在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等開頭的時間狀語前,有時省略介詞. Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再過九天,便是五一節. 4.在“noun +participle”,“noun +and all”結構中,有時省略介詞“with”. He jumped into the water, (with his)clothes and all.他和著衣服跳進水裏. 5.某些動詞、名詞、形容詞習慣搭配中的介詞(短語),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的從句或不定式短語之前,有時被省略.例如: I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我沒聽說他是否去了,為什麼去,什麼時候去,來自何地方.(省略與informed搭配的介詞as to.) They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.對於如何支配時間,他們總是漫不經心,因為他們認為時間多的是.(省略與形容詞careless搭配的介詞of.) 英語省略句用詞簡練,表意簡練,往往收到一定的修飾效果,但省略必須根據習慣、語言內容和上下文而定.從上述各例句中可以看出,英語和漢語表達習慣不同.在很多上下文意境清楚的情況下,英語...
英語中哪些句子後介詞不能省略能舉出具體的哪些單詞要加介詞的不及...
你說的太籠統了吧,要看是在什麼情況下,相對應的用法也是不同的.哎,那就待我細細道來吧·····一、形式上不留任何痕跡什麼叫形式上不留任何痕跡呢?一般來說,句子中的某些成分被省略後,形式上不保留任何痕跡,隻能從意義上來理解.如:(1) Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校.(2) Make yourself at home.請隨便.二、留下某一個表特征的詞1.如果句子中的不定式被省略,常保留不定式中的小品詞to.如:(1) —Will you please go shopping with me this afternoon?今天下午同我一起去買東西好嗎?—I'd like to,but I have much work to do.我倒想去,但是我有很多事情要做.(2) —Will Mr.Brown come,too?布朗先生回來嗎?—Yes.He promised to,but he doesn't turn up yet.是的.她答應來,但現在還沒有到.但當不定式是be或動詞的完成體時,be及have一般不能省略.如:(1) —Will Bruce be a player for our team?布魯斯將會成為我們隊的隊員嗎?—He wants to be,but we won't take him in.他倒想,而我們不會接受他.(2) —Has he finished reading the book?他把書看完了嗎?—He hopes to have,but in fact he reads too slowly.他倒希望看完了,而事實上她讀得太慢了.2.從句的謂語部分省略後,從句中的情態動詞或助動詞保留.如:(1) He said he would do as much as he could to help us.他說他要盡一切努力來幫助我們.(2) When asked to dance,she said she couldn't.當請她跳舞時,她說她不會.3.省略從句時,若從句為否定,則從句中的否定詞not被保留.這樣的主句謂語動詞有:think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be afraid,be sure 及連接副詞:why,if.如:(1) —Do you think he will come to see us?你認為他回來看我們嗎?—I think not.我認為不會.(2) —Is it going to rain?天會下雨嗎?—I'm afraid not.(3) —Can you go to the concert with us this evening?今天晚上能跟我們一起去聽音樂演奏會嗎?—Why not.為什麼不呢?三、用一個單詞來代替被省略的成分1.當從句或分句中的謂語動詞省略時,有時須加一個助動詞do合適的形式來代替.如(1) Anyone can't break the rules.If you do,you will sure be punished.任何人也不能違反紀律,如果你違反了,你將肯定要受到懲罰.(2) He was told not to go there alone at night,but he did.人們告訴他夜晚不要單獨一人去那兒,然而它卻去了.(3) —Do you like swimming?你喜歡遊泳嗎?—Yes,I do.是的,我喜歡.2.當整個從句被省略時,可用so來代替.這樣的主句謂語動詞有:think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be及疑問副詞why,how,if等.如:(1) —Do you think the thief will be put into prison?你認為那個賊會被打入監牢嗎?—Yes.I think so.是的,我認為會.(2) —Do you believe that he will come back from abroad?你認為他會從國外回來嗎?—Yes.I believe so.是的,我認為他會回來.(3) —It is said that Mary got her arm broken.據說瑪麗把手臂弄斷了.—How so.怎麼會這樣呢.(4) —He must be in the classroom now.他現在肯定在教室裏.—If so,let's go to the classroom to see him.如果她在教室裏,我們就去那兒看他吧.3.當從句為否定,而整個從句被省略時,可寫為don't…so,也可隻保留從句中的not.這樣的主句動詞有:think,believe,suppose等.如:(1) —Do you think he will change his idea?你認為他會改變主意嗎?—No.I don't think so.不,我認為他不會.(2) —Do you think English is difficult?你認為英語難學嗎?—No.I don't think so.不,我認為不難學.四、從句中的引導詞省略後,主謂倒裝在虛擬條件句中含有were,should,had 時,可將 if 省略,同時將 were,should,had 提到句首.如:(1) Were I there,I would stop him doing that.要是我在那兒,我就會阻止他那樣做.(2) Had he learnt English,he would be studying abroad.要是他以前學過英語,他會正在國外學習.(3) Should he like swimming,I couldn't stop him.要是他喜歡遊泳,我可阻止他不了.以上這些就是省略句主要表現形式(揮汗中···)細分的話還包括:疑問詞why引導的省略句,連係動詞的省略,主語+連係動詞”的省略,表語的省略,助動詞的省略,謂語的省略 等等.總結太多怕你暈了,
英語有時在句子當中的單詞說快了能否省略。
主句是一個含有條件狀語從句的句子:Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief in their character and how much this faith means to a child.定語從句their children usually have在條件狀語從句中,修飾先行詞belief,先行詞belief在定語從句中做及物動詞have的賓語,所以連接詞用that或者which,也可以省略,這裏就是省略了連接詞that或者which.希望可以幫到你.
英語中哪些疑問詞後麵動詞的介詞可以省略.非誠勿擾如:...
您好,where do you want to go ?這個句子中省略介詞to,不是由不及物動詞go決定的,而是由where這個方位副詞決定的方位副詞一般本身包含了to、into等介詞,所以不及物加方位副詞可以省略to、into等介詞方位副詞有(here,there,outdoors,home,out,疑問副詞及合成詞where,anywhere,somewhere.everywhere nowhere等)不及物動詞加方位副詞是不加介詞to、into的如go home(out、there)、 come here、where to go、arrive home等希望能幫到您