1、不定式的邏輯主語是泛指的,不明確的人或人們。
a) To see is to believe.
b) To plan is to act.
c) It always pays to tell the true.
2. 有時,通過句中的某個名詞或代詞,我們可以知道不定式的邏輯主語。
a) To clean the window is your duty.( 不定式的邏輯主語是 “you”)
b) To point out the difficulties is my purpose. ( 不定式的邏輯主語是 “I”)
這些情況都可以放句首。
動詞不定式作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語的句子
一、作主語 (1)動詞不定式作主語時,謂語動詞常常用單數。
例如: To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利於我們的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打掃地板是我的責任。
(2)如果動詞不定式太長,常常用 it 作形式主語,而將真正的主語——動詞不定式後置。
例如: It took me half an hour to walk there.我走到那兒花了半小時的時間。
It's important for us to learn English well.對我們來說,學好英語是重要的。
二、作賓語 (1)能夠接動詞不定式作賓語的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等動詞,但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等動詞後麵通常隻能接動名詞作賓語。
例如: I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度訪問此地。
She enjoys reading very much.她非常喜歡讀書。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
(2)動詞不定式與名等詞構成複合賓語時,通常要用 it 作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語——動詞不定式後置。
例如: I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我認為遵守法律是我們的義務。
I found it difficult to see him here. 我發現在這裏見到他是很難的。
三、作補足語 (1)某些動詞在主動式中後接動詞不定式作賓語補足語;在被動式中,由於原來的賓語變成了主語,故原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。
這類動詞常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish,invite等。
例如:They told him not to be late again.他們告訴他不要再遲到了。
→He was told not to be late again. She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday.昨天她請我一起進餐。
(2)在feel(一感),listen to,hear(二聽),let,make,have(三讓),look at,see,watch,notice(四看)等詞之後接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語,強調動作的完成過程;它們作被動句的謂語時,to要補上。
如:I heard her sing today.She sang wonderfully.今天我聽見她唱歌了,她唱得非常精彩。
She was heard to sing today.今天有人聽見她唱歌了。
She is often heard to sing this song(by us).我們經常聽見她唱這首歌。
四、作狀語 ⑴動詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結果等,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,因此動詞不定式作狀語往往用主動式。
例如: Come to see me again soon. 盡快再來看我。
I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。
You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使為了救自己也不能那樣做。
(2) only to do sth. 與 only doing sth. 都可作表示結果的狀語,區別是:only to do sth. 表示一個與主語願望相反的或出乎主語意料的結果, 或用來暗示最初的未能實現的動作;only doing sth. 表示謂語動詞本身的動作造成的結果。
例如: I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,結果最後卻是失敗。
He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,隻留下一身債 五、作表語 (1)動詞不定式往往放在係動詞be(,become, sound, taste 等係動詞後麵一般不接不定式)的後麵作表語,表示將來的情況,說明主語的內容。
例如: My wish is to become a teacher.我的願望是當一名教師。
Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打掃操場。
(2)如果係動詞後的動詞說明主語的性質,特征,相當於形容詞。
這時就要用現在分詞作表語,而不用不定式。
例如:He said that the story was interesting.他說這則故事很有趣。
六、作定語 (1)動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞後麵作後置定語,其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語,故動詞不定式作定語時往往用主動式;如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,該動詞不定式要用被動式。
例如: Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什麼事要做嗎? I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。
你有什麼東西要捎去的嗎? (2)動詞不定式作定語往往表示尚未發生的動作,如果動作已發生或正在發生,一般用現在分詞作定語。
例如: I have no pen to write with.我沒有鋼筆寫字。
The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那裏的那個人是李明。
七、和疑問詞連用:不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑問詞構成不定式短語,這種短語在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語等成分。
(1)作主語。
例如:When to start has not been decided. 什麼時候出發還沒定下來。
(2)作表語。
例如:The question is how to do the job well. 問題是怎樣做好這項工作。
(3)作賓語。
例如:He told me where to find the book. 他告訴我了在哪找到這本書的。
Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎樣踢足球嗎?八、不定式的被動式 在初中階段還涉及到動詞不定式被動式的一般式,這種形式是由“to be+動詞過去分詞”構成的,表示“被……”之意。
例如:
寫幾個動詞不定式作主語的句子,不要抄書上的。
展開全部 1、不定式的邏輯主語是泛指的,不明確的人或人們。
a) To see is to believe.b) To plan is to act.c) It always pays to tell the true.2. 有時,通過句中的某個名詞或代詞,我們可以知道不定式的邏輯主語。
a) To clean the window is your duty.( 不定式的邏輯主語是 “you”)b) To point out the difficulties is my purpose. ( 不定式的邏輯主語是 “I”)這些情況都可以放句首。
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英語動詞不定式語法:如圖,動詞不定式作主語的第一個句子,主語可...
不定式和動名詞作主語的區別: (1) 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.這裏禁止抽煙。
(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這麼多煙對你身體很不好。
(具體) (2) 動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(經驗) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。
(經驗) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成這項任務將要花費很長時間。
(具體) (3) 不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語後置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4)動名詞做主語往往表示普通的,一般的行為;不定式作主語常常表示某次具體的行為。
Collecting information about children's health is his job. 收集有關兒童健康的信息是他的工作。
It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經驗的老師討論這個問題是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主語的句型有: (1)It's difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do (2)It's kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用動名詞做主語的句型有: It's no good (use, fun) doing. It's (a) waste of time one's doing.
不定式動詞作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語的句子有哪些?
展開全部 一、作主語 (1)動詞不定式作主語時,謂語動詞常常用單數。
二、作賓語 (1)能夠接動詞不定式作賓語的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等動詞,但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等動詞後麵通常隻能接動名詞作賓語。
三、作補足語 (1)某些動詞在主動式中後接動詞不定式作賓語補足語;在被動式中,由於原來的賓語變成了主語,故原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。
這類動詞常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish,invite等 四、作狀語 ⑴動詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結果等,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,因此動詞不定式作狀語往往用主動式。
五、作表語 (1)動詞不定式往往放在係動詞be(,become, sound, taste 等係動詞後麵一般不接不定式)的後麵作表語,表示將來的情況,說明主語的內容。
六、作定語 (1)動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞後麵作後置定語,其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語,故動詞不定式作定語時往往用主動式;如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,該動詞不定式要用被動式。
(2)動詞不定式作定語往往表示尚未發生的動作,如果動作已發生或正在發生,一般用現在分詞作定語。
例如: I have no pen to write with.我沒有鋼筆寫字。
The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那裏的那個人是李明。
七、和疑問詞連用: 不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑問詞構成不定式短語,這種短語在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語等成分。
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動詞不定式在動詞後做什麼語?
1) 動詞+ 不定式 afford. aim. appear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeavor .hope. fail . happen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake. 舉例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。
2)動詞+不定式 ;動詞+賓語+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜歡你使每件東西都保持整潔。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和湯姆談話。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想讓你和湯姆談話。
3) 動詞+疑問詞+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有這麼多的錄音機,我都拿不定主意買哪一種。
注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時,謂語動詞用單數。
The question is how to put it into practice. 問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。
4)以下動詞後,隻能跟不定式作賓語。
如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare, pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等,這些詞大部分可接th at引導的從句。
如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. 5)當複合賓語中的賓語是不定式時,先用形式賓語it代替不定式,把不定式置於補語之後,即:主語+動 詞+it+補語+to do句式。
如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 二、作補語 1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句: a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法: Find 後可用分詞做賓補,或先加形式賓語,再加形容詞,最後加帶to 的動詞不定式。
find後也可帶一個從句。
此類動詞還有get,have。
I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 2) to + be 的不定式結構,作補語的動詞。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認為湯姆是班上最好的學生之一。
3) to be +形容詞 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean… The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人們認為這本書沒什麼意思。
4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那麼多人在哪裏。
有些動詞需用as 短語做補語,如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認為湯姆是我們最好的老師。
Mary took him as her father . 瑪麗把他當作自己的父親。
三、作主語 動詞不定式作主語時,句子的謂語動詞常用單數,其位置有以下兩種: (1)把不定式置於句首。
如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置於句後,常用於下列句式中。
如: ①It+be+名詞+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容詞+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示讚揚或批評的詞。
在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語。
這一句式有時相當於Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ,...
動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞後麵作後置定語,其邏輯主語往往...
這句話講的就是to-do動詞不定式做後置定語時的兩種情況.首先,定語都有其修飾的邏輯主語,當這個動詞不定式做後置定語時,若其邏輯主語是整個句子的主語,則動詞不定式用主動式,也就是直接to-do;如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是整個句子的主語,該動詞不定式要用被動式,也就是 to-be-done.
動詞不定式做主語和動名詞做主語的區別
展開全部 不定式和動名詞作主語的區別: (1) 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作;而不定式作主語表示具體動作。
Smoking is prohibited here.這裏禁止抽煙。
(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽這麼多煙對你身體很不好。
(具體) (2) 動名詞作主語時,通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。
不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(經驗) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。
(經驗) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成這項任務將要花費很長時間。
(具體)(3) 不定式做主語,一般用it當形式主語,把作主語的不定式短語後置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4)動名詞做主語往往表示普通的,一般的行為;不定式作主語常常表示某次具體的行為。
Collecting information about children's health is his job. 收集有關兒童健康的信息是他的工作。
It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 與一位有經驗的老師討論這個問題是有必要的。
常用不定式做主語的句型有: (1)It's difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do (2)It's kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 常用動名詞做主語的句型有: It's no good (use, fun) doing. It's (a) waste of time one's doing....
動詞+ing形式當主語放在句子中有什麼重點與要點
動名詞是英語中動詞的非謂語形式的一種,起名詞的作用。
在動名詞短語中,動名詞還保留動詞的屬性,如可以帶有自己的賓語、狀語等。
一、動名詞作主語的幾種類型 動名詞可以在句子中充當名詞所能充當的多種句子成分。
在這裏僅就動名詞在句子中作主語的情況進行討論。
動名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況: 1. 直接位於句首做主語。
例如: Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主語,把動名詞(真實主語)置於句尾作後置主語。
動名詞做主語時,不太常用 it 作先行主語,多見於某些形容詞及名詞之後。
例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常見的能用於這種結構的形容詞還有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容詞不能用於上述結構。
3. 用於“There be”結構中。
例如: There is no saying when he'll come.很難說他何時回來。
4. 用於布告形式的省略結構中。
例如: No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. 5. 動名詞的複合結構作主語 當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時,常可以在前麵加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格,構成動名詞的複合結構(——這時,名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語)。
動名詞的複合結構也可以在句中作主語。
例如: Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較 動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。
在意義上相近。
但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作,不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。
比較: Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much. 注意: 1)在口語中,用動名詞作主語位於句首的較不定式多見。
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用動名詞作真實主語: It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that. *It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that. 3)在疑問句中,通常用動名詞的複合結構,而不用不定式的複合結構作主語: Does your saying that mean anything to him? *Does for you to say that mean anything to him? 4)在“There be”句型中,隻能用動名詞,而不能用不定式作主語: There is no telling what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen. 5)當句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動詞時,要遵循前後一致的原則,主語和表語在形式上要求統一: Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 參考資料:edu.sina.com.cn/en/2005-03-08/31436.html
動詞不定式的應用範圍
一. 作主語 例如: To be a doctor is hard. 做醫生很難。
To learn English well is not easy. 學好英語不容易。
動詞不定式(短語)作主語時,為了避免句子的頭重腳輕,可以用“it”作形式主語,而把真正的主語--動詞不定式(短語)放在句子的後部。
例如上麵的句子可以表示為: It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如: It's important to plant trees in spring. 如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的,可以在動詞不定式前麵 加一個由介詞for引導的短語,稱為不定式的複合結構。
例: It's good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day. 對學生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。
二. 作表語: 動詞不定式(短語)作表語常用於係詞be的後麵。
例: His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是開車。
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是飼養動物。
Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是當醫生。
三. 作賓語 動詞不定式(短語)可以放在一些動詞後麵用作賓語,能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。
例: I want to tell you a story. 我想給你講個故事。
They begin to work at eight every morning. 他們每天早晨8點開始工作。
Don't forget to lock the door. 別忘了鎖門。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎? *如果and連接兩個動詞不定式,第二個動詞不定式一般省“to”例: (1)He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我們一起去遊泳。
(2)若作賓語的動詞不定式(短語)很長,可用it作形式賓語。
I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我覺得和你一起學英語很有趣。
He found it hard to catch up with others. 他覺得趕上別人很困難。
四. 作賓語補足語。
例如: The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。
The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. 老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時間玩電腦遊戲。
Please let me help you. 讓我來幫助你。
動詞不定式作賓語補足語,表示賓語所做的動作,可以用 動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞後麵作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to”,可以歸納為以下三種句式: 1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補足語: tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth. 例:The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. I want you to go now. 我想讓你現在就走。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母親希望她當老師。
2.省“to”的不定式作賓語補足語: Let / make / have sb. do sth. Let the boy go out now. 讓那個男孩出去。
The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了這個小孩。
see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth. I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看見學生們在操場打籃球。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我經常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
3.可省可不省的: help sb. (to)do sth. I often help my mother (to)do housework. 我經常幫媽媽做家務。
*動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例: (1)Tell them not to play football in the street. 告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。
(2)省to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前麵加not. 例: Let the boy not go. 讓那個男孩別走。
(3)如果將主動語態變為被動語態時,作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變為主語補足語,動詞不定式則不省“to”,即原來省的再加上,例: The boy made the baby cry. The baby was made to cry by the boy. 那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。
五. 動詞不定式作定語 動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞,放於所修飾的詞後,為後置定語。
例: Who was the first one to arrive?
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