1、不定式是一種非限定動詞,通常由"to+動詞原形"構成,如to be,to do,to combine,to expand,to get up等。這裏的to是不定式的符號,沒有詞義,有時還可以省略。
2、動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化。
3、不定式在句中不能單獨用作謂語,但還保留著動詞的若幹特征:可以帶狀語,及物動詞可以帶賓語,係動詞可以帶表語。
4、不定式可以連同它的附屬成分一起組成不定式短語。
不定式的用法:不定式(短語)在句中起相當於名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用,可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補語。
1、具有名詞的性質
①用作主語。
例句:
(1)To live is to function.That is all there is in living.(Holmes)
活著就要發揮作用,這就是生活的全部真諦。
(2)To live of money is the root of all evil.(R.L.Stevenson)
迷戀金錢是一切罪惡的根源。
(3)To be ignorant of one's ignorance is the malady of the ignorant.(A.B.Alcott)不知道
自己的無知,是無知者的可悲之處。
ps:不定式、特別是不定式短語作主語時,為了保持句子平衡,往往把主語放在句子末尾,而在它原來的位置上加上引導詞it作形式上的主語。
例句:
(1)To make you understand him completely is impossible.
→It is impossible to make you understand him completely.
讓你們完全了解他是不可能的。
(2)To run machines needs power.
→It needs power to run machines.
開動機器需要動力。
(3)To remember to switch off the electricity is important.
→It's important to remember to switch off the electricity.
重要的是要記住關掉電源。
【注】"It is+形容詞+of sb.to do"句型一般可轉換成一個不定式作狀語的句子,語義不變;而"It is+形容詞+for sb.to do”句型則不可以。
②用作表語。
例句:
(1)Her wish was to become a teacher.
她的願望是當個教師。
(2)The most dif?cult thing in life is to know yourself.(Thales)
人生最難是自知。
(3)To know everything is to know nothing.
樣樣都懂,樣樣稀鬆。
ps:1、帶wh-疑問詞的不定式短語可作表語。
例句:
Our difficulty is where to find a guide.
我們的困難是到哪裏去找向導。
2、用介詞for引出不定式的邏輯主語的不定式複合結構,可作表語;這時,句中的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。
例句:This form is for you to fill in.
這張表格由你來填寫。
③用作賓語。
例句:
(1)The owner wanted to make a large purchase of gift before Christmas.
老板想在聖誕節前做一大筆禮品生意。
(2)I try to keep that in mind.
我努力記住這一點。
(3)He had decided to return after receiving the first letter from Tess.
收到苔絲的第一封信後,他便決定起程回來。
ps:作賓語的不定式後麵如果有補語,可以用it作形式賓語,把真正賓語置於補語之後,以免賓語太長使句子顯得不協調。在這種用法中,常見的動詞有think, feel, make, find, consider, count, deem,judge,believe,take等。
例句:
(1)She thought it unnecessary to quarrel with him over trifies.
她認為沒必要為小事跟他爭吵。
(2)I did not think it convenient to write about the matter.
我覺得寫信談這件事不合適。
(3)He found it utterly impossible to leave the spot.(T.Hardy)
他發現要離開這裏是完全不可能的。
④用作賓語補語。
例句:
(1)I wanted something to happen to me,but nothing happened.(L.Hughes)
我希望在我身上會發生些什麼變化,可是什麼都沒發生。
(2)I know nothing about him and I beg you to tell me nothing.
他的情況我並不知道,我也請求您別告訴我。
ps:在一些使役動詞如make,let,have等和表示感覺的動詞如see, watch, perceive, observe,notice,hear,feel,look at,listen to等,作賓語補語的不定式須省略to。
例句:
(1)She let her hand fall from his arm and said no more.
她放開他的胳膊,沒再說什麼。
(2)Electricity makes machines run.
電使機器轉動。
(3)Then she turned quickly away,and Reinhard heard her go sobbing up the
stairs.
她很快轉過身,萊因哈特聽到她抽泣著走上台階。
⑤用作主語補語。
例句:
(1)This test is thought to have practical value.
大家認為這個試驗有實際價值。
(2)He was seen to enter the laboratory.
有人看見他走進了實驗室。
⑥用作同位語。
例句:
Their aspiration,to become free and independent,is deserving of every kind
of help from us.
他們想自由和獨立的願望值得我們給予各方麵的援助。
2、具有形容詞的性質
①用作定語。
例句:
(1)Can you think up a good way to deal with the ever increasing prices?
你們能否想出一個對付日益上漲的物價的好辦法?
(2)A letter from Clare gave her an excuse to leave.
克萊爾的一封來信給了她一個離開的借口。
(3)At present I have no lawful right to act for her.
目前,我還沒有保護她的法律權利。
ps:如果不定式和被修飾的具體名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關係,則不定式多半表示未來的動作,翻譯時常須在不定式前加"要"字。
例句:
(1)We have three machines to repair today.
我們今天有三台機器要修理。
(2)Do you like something to drink?
你要喝點什麼嗎?
3、具有副詞的性質
①用作狀語。
目的狀語:
例句:
(1)We use electrical energy to do many things.
我們用電能做許多事情。
(2)He will be in Atlanta Friday to speak with Captain Butler and to escort you
home.
星期五他要到亞特蘭大,同巴特勒船長交涉,順便帶你回家。
(3)John hurried in order not to be late for the party.
約翰急急忙忙的,為了準時參加晚會。
結果狀語:
例句:
①After the war they parted company,never to see each other again.
戰後他們分了手,從此再也沒見過麵。
②She went abroad never to return.
她到國外去了,從此沒有回來過。
原因狀語:
例句:
(1)He laughed to see such fun.
他看見這麼可笑的事笑了。
(2)I trembled to think of it.
一想到這件事,我就不寒而栗。
(3)He jumped with joy to learn his being admitted to the university.
他知道被錄取進大學高興得跳起來。
條件狀語:
例句:
(1)To hear him talk,you would think he owned the whole world.
如果你聽他講話,你會以為整個世界都是他的。
(2)A man would be blind not to see that.
一個人如果看不到這一點就是瞎子。
(3)They could have done better to have had some tools.
他們如果有些工具就會做得更好些。
方式狀語:
例句:
(1)He cleared his throat as though to speak.
他清了清喉嚨,好像要說話的樣子。
(2)As if to justify his view,he cited some groundless rumors.
好像要證明他的觀點正確似的,他引述了一些毫無根據的傳聞。
比較狀語:
例句:
(1)I know better than to believe such a man.
我不至於相信這樣一個人。
(2)The American president had no better choice than to resign.
這個美國總統除辭職外,別無更好的選擇。
讓步狀語:
例句:
(1)To do his best,he could not ful?l his task in time.
即使他竭盡全力,仍然不能按時完成任務。
(2)You couldn't do that to save your life.
你即使為了救自己的命也不能那樣做。
4、用作插入語。
例句:
(1)To begin with,we must consider the problem in an all-round way.
首先,我們必須全麵地考慮這個問題。
(2)Among the writers of his age,he was,so to speak,a giant among dwarfs.
在同時代的作家中,他可以說是鶴立雞群。
(3)To tell you the truth,they didn't quite like the idea.
實話告訴你,他們並不很喜歡這種想法。
用動詞不定式改寫句子用動詞不定式(短語)的適當形式改寫下列句子....
一般式一、表示將來即表示發生在謂語動作之後的動作。
如:We decided to leave early. 我們決定早點動身。
I hope to finish reading the book to night. 我希望今晚看完這本書。
I should like to give him a chance. 我願意給他一個機會。
He asked me to buy him some paper. 他叫我給他買些紙。
We expect him to come in time. 我們希望他能及時來。
二、表示同時表示與謂語動作同時發生的動作。
如:He seems to be tired. 他似乎累了。
注:以下用作賓語補足語的不定式省略了to:Who heard him say that? 是誰聽到他這樣說的? Did you notice me pause? 你注沒注意我停頓了一下?三、表示過去表示略先於謂語動作的動作。
如:I'm sorry to hear that. 聽到這事我很難過。
(to hear 略先於am sorry)Helen was pleased to see him. 海倫見到他很高興。
I'm happy to meet you at last. 我很高興我終於碰到了你。
I'm glad to see you looking so happy. 我很高興看到你顯得這樣快活。
進行式一、表示同時表示與謂語動作同時發生且正在進行的動作。
如:He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在說什麼。
He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人們認為他躲在林子裏。
It's nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在這兒真好。
Why's she so late?—She can't still be working. 她怎麼這麼晚還不來?——她不可能還在工作吧。
二、表示將來正如可用進行時態表示將來意義一樣,不定式的進行式有時也可表示將來。
如:He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高興。
The old man seems to be dying. 這老人似乎要死了。
完成式一、表示發生在謂語動作之前的動作:He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
I hate to have quarreled with her. 我痛恨和她吵架。
I believe it to have been a mistake. 我相信這是一個錯誤。
You appear to have travelled quite a lot. 你似乎作過多次旅行。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對不起給了你這麼多麻煩。
It's said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 據說它是明朝修建的。
二、表示在某個給定的時間之前已完成的動作:I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現在以前已完成這項工作。
三、表示過去未曾實現的想法和願望:I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早點來的。
We were to have been married last year. 我們本來打算去年結婚的。
用法彙總(1) 一是表示將來,即表示發生在謂語動作之後的動作。
如:We decided to leave early. 我們決定早點動身。
He asked me to buy him some paper. 他叫我給他買些紙。
We expect him to come in time. 我們希望他能及時來。
(2) 表示與謂語動作同時發生或略先於謂語動作的動作。
如:He seems to be tired. 他似乎累了。
Who heard him say that? 是誰聽到他這樣說的?I'm sorry to hear that. 聽到這事我很難過。
(to hear 略先於am sorry)
初中十個不定式句子
It's so nice of you to help me with my homework.你真是太好了,幫助我完成作業。
It's very difficult for me to do the math homework.數學作業對於我來講太難了It takes my mother all day to do the housework.做家務花了我媽媽一整天的時間。
I have so many homework to do.我有許多作業要做。
enough+名詞+to doeg: It's difficult enough to do my math homework. 數學作業太難了。
“It's time to do sth.”eg: It's time to go home. 是時候回家了。
I go to bed early in order to get up early in the next day.我那麼早睡覺就是為了第二天能早起。
My little brother is too young to go to school. 我的弟弟太小而不能上學。
動詞不定式作主語時,可以直接放在謂語動詞前麵的主語位置,也可以用先行詞it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(不定式)置於後麵。
常見的句式有:(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容詞,與介詞of搭配,這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質;句式(4)中常用hard, difficult, easy, important等形容詞,與介詞for搭配,表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。
用動名詞,不定式各造5個句子(包括每個句子成份)
She hates speaking in the public.(動名詞短語,作賓語)她不喜歡在公眾場所講話My hobby is swimming.(動名詞作表語).Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術。
(動名詞作主語)We call the activity hiking.我們把這種活動叫做徒步旅行(動名詞作補語)There is a swimming pool in our school.(動名詞作定語)It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)My work is to clean the room every day.(不定式作表語)Father will not allow us to play on the street.(不定式作補語)...
描寫春天的20個句子短點
1.冬色爺爺送走了大地的嚴寒,春姑娘踏著輕盈的腳步來到了人間。
春天的景色十分美麗,就像一幅栩栩如生的畫。
2. 春天的陽光格外明媚,春姑娘展開了笑臉,太陽,紅紅的光束射過來,那溫柔地撫摸你,像年輕的母親的手。
隨著春姑娘輕快 的步伐,青青的小草,破土而出,偷偷的從土裏鑽出來,嫩嫩的,綠綠的。
在公園裏,到處都可以看見這一些生命力頑強的小草。
3. 在這一個溫暖的季節裏,在樹林裏,許多的樹木都開滿了鮮豔的花朵;大家都不肯相讓,紅的、黃的、白的、紫的,各種各樣 的花真像一個美麗的大花壇。
許許多多的蝴蝶和蜜蜂都聞到了花的香味,都不約而同地飛來采蜜,在半空中飛來飛去。
4. 在樹林裏,許多的小鳥在自由自在歡樂地飛翔著,高興起來,便唱出清脆悅耳的曲子,和煦的春光吹拂著小河,河水忽然被一陣悅耳、動 聽的笛聲所牽動,放眼望去,一群頑皮的小孩子正用垂柳的莖做柳笛呢!他們吹出了心裏的幸福和快樂。
5. 春天的雨是柔和的,隻見春雨 在竹枝、竹葉上跳動著。
那雨時而直線滑落,時而隨風飄灑,留下如煙、如霧、如紗、如絲的倩影,飛濺的雨花仿佛是琴鉉上跳動的音符,奏 出優美的旋律。
6. 天空上,怎麼是五顏六色的,使人眼花繚亂?啊,原來孩子們在防風箏呀。
在藍天白雲的照耀下 ,各種各樣的風箏在自由自在地飄舞著,飛升著,多麼使人心曠神怡的景象啊!7.春天是一個富有生命力的季節,也是一個美麗 、神奇,充滿希望的季節。
8. 春天到了,各種絢麗的花朵都開放了,都是那麼絢麗奪目。
田裏農民伯伯種的油料作物——油菜花也開了。
金黃的油菜花,成了蝴蝶的天地,美麗的蝴蝶在金黃色的舞台上跳著柔和而優美的舞姿。
它們一會兒在空中飛舞,一會兒靜靜地停留在油菜花 上。
正是這樣,給春天也增添了不少樂趣。
油菜花的美麗,同時也吸引了不少“勞動人民”——蜜蜂,蜜蜂總是不分晝夜地不辭辛勞地給油菜 花授粉。
偶爾一陣微風吹來,金黃的油菜花立刻湧起了高低起伏的“金浪花”。
遠遠望去,實在令人美不勝收!9. 如今,春季已到。
春天是一年中最美麗的季節,古往今來人們幾乎用盡了所有美好的詞語詩句來 形容、讚美春天。
春天,帶給人生命力,帶給人希望。
10. 可愛的春姑娘,邁著輕盈的步子來到人間,那一片生機的景象便隨之來到四麵八方,整個世界像剛從一個漫長的睡夢中蘇醒過來。
11. 小燕子拖著剪刀似的尾巴,回到北方的家鄉,它們“嘰喳,嘰喳”地叫著,好像在說:“春來了,春來了!”12. 春天來了!你看,融化的冰水把小溪弄醒了。
“丁冬、丁冬”,它就像大自然的神奇歌手,唱著清脆悅耳的歌,向前奔流…… 13. 冬爺爺剛走,春姑娘就提著百花籃,伴著春風,帶著春雨,悄悄地來到了人間,頓時,大地萬物複蘇,烏語花香,呈現出一派生氣。
14. 田野上,麥苗返青,一望無邊,仿佛綠色的波浪。
那金黃色的野菜花,在綠波中閃光。
15. 春季,一片生機勃勃,萬物複蘇,春意盎然。
瞧,隨著“春姑娘”的到來,可愛的小動物們都蹦蹦跳跳的跑出來了,孩子們也笑奔跑出來了,與風箏一同享受春的樂趣。
16. 我喜歡在春季欣賞大自然,因為這時,舉目望去,都已是綠蔭蔭的一大片,有翠綠色,墨綠色,黑綠色,茶綠色......嗬,綠的山,綠的水,不得不使人感到心曠神怡。
17. 吹拂過綠葉的風,變的格外溫柔,太陽也變得暖洋洋的,綠葉們則托出了一個個嬌嫩浴滴的花骨朵。
微風中,它們輕輕搖曳著,害羞地露出了笑臉。
18. 春季的歌洋溢在每一個角落裏,從幽靜的鄉村到沸騰的城市,看看那廠房與街道,春季煞是惹人喜愛。
你看,街心花園中,百花爭豔,姹紅焉子,競相開放,可真是美不勝收呀!淡雅的色彩和芳香訴說著春季的情懷。
19. 春季,一個靜與動完美結合的時節。
春季像一個天使,踏著愉快的腳步,翩翩來到人間。
春季像一位花樣年華的少女,鼓動著飄逸的風情。
春季像一位畫家,塗滿了蓬勃的色彩。
春季像一首瑰麗的詩,如夢般甜蜜,如酒般香醇。
20. 春——是鮮花的笑臉,是泛著淡淡新綠的柳枝在舒展筋骨,是草兒睜開了朦朧的睡眼,看世界;春——是天空中搖曳著的形形色色的風箏,是那手牽風箏線在山上山下跑來跑去的孩子;
主謂雙賓20句子的句型
主謂結構,I study. 主謂賓:I like banana. 主係表:I am a student. 主謂雙賓:I give a pencil to him. 主謂符合賓語:I make him happy. 1. 主語+謂語(不及物動詞) [S + V] 如:The children are playing happily. 孩子們正在高興地玩。
2. 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語 [S+V+O] 如:The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜歡住在中國。
3. 主語+謂語+表語 [S+V+P] 該句型謂語動詞為連係動詞。
常見的係動詞有:be(是); get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嚐起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等。
如: ① He became a famous doctor. 他成為了一名著名的醫生。
② The apple pie tastes really delicious. 蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 [S+V+InO+DO] 這種句型中的及物動詞後跟雙賓語,既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語。
也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之後,但要加介詞for或to。
如: ① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買給我一台電腦。
② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把鹽遞給他。
5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 [S+V+O+OC] 如:We must keep our school clean. 我們必須保持我們的學校清潔。
1. Subject (主語) + Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞,這些動詞常見的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。
如: The students work very hard.學生們學習很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發生的。
2. Subject (主語) + Link. V(係動詞) + Predicate(表語) 這種句型中的係動詞一般可分為下列兩類: (1)表示狀態的連係動詞。
這些詞有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
如: Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個隊員平躺在操場上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們在任何時候都應該保持謙虛謹慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示轉變或結果的係動詞。
這些詞有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。
如: Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物,已經變質了。
The facts prove true.事實證明是正確的。
3. Subject(主語) + Verb (謂語) + Object (賓語) 這種句型中的動詞應為及物動詞或者可以後接賓語的動詞短語。
同時,句子中有時含有與賓語有關的狀語。
作賓語的成分常是:名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。
如: You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包裏。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這裏的農民種很多種蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露麵的機會。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網頁。
4. Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object (直接賓語)這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”,直接賓語常常指“物”。
如: Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉換為其他兩種句型:1)動詞 + 賓語 + for sb.; 2)動詞 + 賓語+to sb.。
如: Please show me your picture. -Please show your picture to me. 請把你的畫給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart. —I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 隻要你不失去信心,我會給你提供機會的。
5. Subject(主語)+Verb (動詞)+Object (賓語)+Complement(補語) 這種句型中的賓語+ 補語可統稱為“複合賓語”。
擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。
如:Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。
He painted the wall white. 他把牆漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我們發現他是一個誠實的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意:動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等後麵所接的動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to。
如: The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。
1. 主語+ 不及物動詞 例:It is raining heavily. My tooth aches. 2. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 例:They enjoy the play. I met John in the street yesterday. 3. 主語 + 係動詞 + 表語 例:He is out. Jenny is fine. It looks like rain, soon. 4 主語 + 及物動詞 + 雙賓語 例:He bought her a watch. The sun gives us light. 注意:雙賓語一個指人(即間接賓語...
用動詞不定式改寫下列句子1.theaccidentwassoterriblethatwecan`...
the accident was too terrible to talk about itwas cortes the first european to see the pacific ocean?here is something to do while you`re waiting.i haven`t decided to answer his letter or notshe stood up to be seen better6.my brother got up early to have enough time to pack7.i`ll buy you some magazines to read on the journey8.we thought it is wrong to punish him9.i didn`t know whether he had changed his mind about what to say10.we consider the girl to be trustworthy
用動詞不定式及它的否定形式造三個句子
用動詞不定式及它的否定形式造三個句子(1) 三個動詞不定式肯定To work out this difficult problem in three days is impossible =It is impossible to work out this difficult problem in three daysTo learn English so well is of great importance to us all =It is of great importance to us all to learn English so well iTo swim across the river is very easy for the little boy =It is very easy for the little boy to swim across the river (1) 三個動詞不定式否定Our teacher often tells us not to be late for school His parents want him not to play with those bad boys The girls are told not to go out alone in the evening /at night
it is+形容詞+動詞不定式的的句子10個
1、It is important for us to learn English。
學習英語很重要2、It is kind of you to meet me here. 很高興認識你3、It is easy to answer these questions。
回答這些問題很簡單4、It is difficut to do my homework on my own. 做家庭作業很難5、It is impolite to talk loudly in public places. 在公共場所大聲喧嘩是不禮貌的6、It is not good to eat too muck chocolate。
吃太多巧克力是不太好的。
7、It is bad to hear the news。
聽到這個消息很糟糕8、It is dangerous to play with fire。
玩火是很危險的。
9、It is helpful to study Chinese。
學習漢語很有用10、It is necessary to do it。
做這件事是很有必要的。
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